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The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word meet—and often called long-e in American English. Although in English this sound has additional length (usually being represented as /i?/) and is not normally pronounced as a pure vowel (it is a slight diphthong), some dialects have been reported to pronounce the phoneme as a pure sound. A pure [i] sound is also heard in many other languages, such as French, in words like chic.

Close front unrounded vowel
i
IPA number	301
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	i
Unicode (hex)	U+0069
X-SAMPA	i
Braille
Image

IPA: Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	? ?	? u
Near-close	? ?		?
Close-mid	e ?	? ?	? o
Mid	e? ??	?	?? o?
Open-mid	? ?	? ?	? ?
Near-open	?	?
Open	a ?	?	ɑ ?

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Legend: unrounded ? rounded

A spectrogram of [i].

Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound ?i?. Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.

The close front unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the palatal approximant [j]. They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, [i?] with the non-syllabic diacritic and [j] are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.

Languages that use the Latin script commonly use the letter ?i? to represent this sound, though there are some exceptions: in English orthography that letter is usually associated with /a?/ (as in bite) or /?/ (as in bit), and /i?/ is more commonly represented by ?e?, ?ea?, ?ee?, ?ie? or ?ei?, as in the words scene, bean, meet, niece, conceive; (see Great Vowel Shift). Irish orthography reflects both etymology and whether preceding consonants are broad or slender, so such combinations as ?aí?, ?ei?, and ?aío? all represent /i?/.

Features

• Its vowel height is close, also known as high, which means the tongue is positioned close to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
• Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
• It is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Afrikaans		dief	[dif]	'thief'	See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic	Standard	??? / diin	[d?i?n]	'religion'	See Arabic phonology
Catalan		sic	[?sik]	'sic'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin	七 / qī	[t??i?]?	'seven'	See Standard Chinese phonology
Chuvash		?ип	[??ip]	'thread'
Czech		bíly	[?bi?li?]?	'white'	See Czech phonology
Dutch		biet	[bit]?	'beet'	See Dutch phonology
English	Most dialects	free	[f??i?]?	'free'	Depending on dialect, can be pronounced as [?i]. See English phonology
	Australian	bit	[bit]	'bit'	Also described as near-close front [??]. See Australian English phonology
French		fini	[fini]	'finished'	See French phonology
German		Ziel	[t?si?l]?	'goal'	See Standard German phonology
Greek	Modern Standard	κ?πο? / kípos	[?c?i.po?s?]	'garden'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew	Modern Standard	?????	[χ??iv?]	'thinking'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hungarian		ív	[i?v]	'arch'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian		bile	[?bi?le?]	'rage'	See Italian phonology
Japanese		銀 / gin	[ɡ?i?]?	'silver'	See Japanese phonology
Khmer		????? / l?tth?	[latt?i?]	'doctrine'	See Khmer phonology
Korean		?? / ai	[?i]	'child'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Kurmanji (Northern)	??r	[?i??]	'milk'	See Kurdish phonology
	Sorani (Central)	??? / ku??r
	Palewani (Southern)
Lithuanian		vyras	[vi?r?s?]	'man'	See Lithuanian orthography
Malay	Malaysian Malay	ikut	[i.k?t]	'to follow'	See Malay phonology
Malayalam		??	[il?]	'leaf'	See Malayalam phonology
Mpade		fli	[fli]	'monkey'
Polish		mi?	[?m?i?]?	'teddy bear'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese		fino	[?finu]?	'thin'	Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ?y?. See Portuguese phonology
Romanian		insul?	[?in?s?ul?]	'island'	See Romanian phonology
Rungus		rikot	[?ri.kot]	'to come'
Russian		лист / list	[l?is?t?]?	'leaf'	Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian		виле / vile	[??le?]	'hayfork'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Spanish		tipo	[?t?ipo?]	'type'	May also be represented by ?y?. See Spanish phonology
Sotho		ho bitsa	[hu?bit?s?ɑ?]	'to call'	Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels. See Sotho phonology
Swedish	Central Standard	bli	[bli?]	'to become'	Often realized as a sequence [ij] or [i?] (hear the word: [blij]?); it may also be fricated [i??] or, in some regions, fricated and centralized ([???]). See Swedish phonology
Tagalog		ibon	[??ib?n]	'bird'
Thai		???? / krit	[krìt]	'dagger'
Turkish		ip	[ip]	'rope'	See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian		м?сто / misto	['misto]	'city, town'	See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh		es i	[e?s i?]	'I went'	See Welsh phonology
Yoruba		síbí	[síbí]	'spoon'

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External links

• List of languages with [i] on PHOIBLE